Lesson 6
Phaàn B - Chuù thích - Notes on Patterns

B 1
Note the difference between chuùng toâi and chuùng ta and the use of nheù:
Caùc anh ñi ñaâu ñoù? Where are you (boys/men) going?
Chuùng toâi ñi thö vieän. We(not you) are going to the library.
Chuùng ta ñi ñaâu? Where shall we [(Singular/plural) & I] go?
Chuùng ta ñi thö vieän nheù. Let's go to the library, all right?
Chuùng ta vaøo lôÙp baây giôØ nheù.

 

 Let's go into class now, all right?

 
Chuùng toâi excludes the person being spoken to: ' we(not you)', whereas chuùng ta includes the person or persons being spoken to: we, you, and I".
Hear the Whole Drill
Time Person Activity All right?
Thaùng sau
Chieàu nay
Toái nay
Baây giôØ
Baây giôØ
______

Hoâm nay
Ngaøy mai
Baây giôØ		 chuùng ta
"
"
"
"
_______

caùc anh
caùc em
coâ		 ñi Ñaø Naüng
aên phôÛ
laøm baøi taäp boán
ngöØng ôÛ ñaây
baét ñaàu hoïc
_______

laøm baøi ñoù
ñoïc baøi möôØi
giaûng baøi

 

 nheù.
"
"
"
"
______

nheù
"
"

 
TöØ vöïng Vocabulary
taäp to practice
baøi taäp exercise
ngöØng laïi to stop, to quit
ñoù that, there
B 2
Hear the Whole Drill
Why Person Not Activity
(Taïi) sao
"
"
"		 anh
coâ aáy
caùc chò
baø		   khoâng
"
"
"		   laøm baøi ñoù?
ñi?
ñeán?
uoáng caø-pheâ.
Because Person Suffer Adjective
(Taïi ) vì
"		 toâi
chuùng toâi 		(bò)
"		 oám.
oám.
B 3
Hear the Whole Drill
Person / Thing Have Adjective or Not

Thaày
Chò
Anh Hoaøng
Caùc coâ
Thaày
Anh aáy
______

OÂng aáy
Coâ aáy
OÂng baø aáy
Anh chò aáy
Hoï
Chò aáy
Anh aáy
______

Coâ aáy
Phim aáy
______

Tieáng Vieät
Baøi naøy
Vieäc laøm aáy

 

( coù)
"
"
"
"
"
______

( coù)
"
"
"
"
"
"
______

(coù)
"
______

(coù)
"
"

khoûe
maïnh (khoûe)
ñau
ñoùi
khaùt
no
______

giaän
treû
giaø
ngheøo
giaøu
ñeïp
ñeïp trai
______

vui
buoàn
______

deã
khoù
thuù vò

khoâng?
"
"
"
"
"
______

khoâng?
"
"
"
"
"
"
______

khoâng?
"
______

khoâng?
"
"
TöØ vöïng Vocabulary
oâng baø older couple, Mr.&Mrs.
anh chò young couple
hoï they, them
vieäc laøm job
maïnh be strong, healthy
ñoùi be hungry
khaùt be thirst
no be full (of food)
giaän be angry
treû   be young
giaø   be old
ngheøo be poor
giaøu be rich
ñeïp; ñeïp trai be pretty; handsome (male)
buoàn be sad
deã be easy
khoù   be difficult
thuù vò

 

 be enjoyable (event)

 
Few answers to the above questions:
Yes
Daï coù, toâi khoûe laém.
Daï coù, coâ aáy treû laém.
Daï coù, coâ aáy vui laém
No
Daï khoâng, toâi khoâng khoûe.
Daï khoâng, coâ aáy khoâng treû.
Daï khoâng, coâ aáy khoâng vui.
Note that adjectives in Vietnamese are full verbs, not needing any verb such as 'is' .
B 4 
Hear the Whole Drill 
Person Have Activity Object or Not
Anh
chò
Caùc coâ
Coâ aáy
______

Anh
Chò
Caùc coâ
Coâ aáy
Thaày Ly
Baø

 

 ( coù)
"
"
"
______

(coù)
"
"
"
"
"

 xem
aên
bieát
hieåu
______

xem
aên
bieát
hieåu
noùi
gaëp



______

phim Ñoâng Döông
côm Taøu
tieáng YÙ
tieáng Vieät
tieáng Anh
oâng Döông

 

   khoâng?
"
"
"
______

khoâng?
"
"
"
"
"
Few answers to the above questions.
Yes
1- (Daï) coù, toâi (coù) xem (phim ñoù/ Ñoâng Döông) roài.
  • Coù, toâi xem roài.(short answer)
  • Daï coù, toâi coù xem phim ñoù roài. (long answer)
2- (Daï) coù, coâ aáy (coù) hieåu (tieáng Vieät).
  • Coù, coâ aáy hieåu. (short answer)
  • Daï coù, coâ aáy hieåu tieáng Vieät.
No
1- Daï khoâng, toâi khoâng (coù) xem (phim ñoù/Ñoâng Döông).
  • Khoâng, toâi khoâng xem.  (short answer)
  • Daï khoâng, toâi khoâng xem phim ñoù.   (long answer)
2- Daï khoâng, coâ aáy khoâng hieåu (tieáng Vieät).
  • Khoâng, coâ aáy khoâng hieåu. (short answer)
  • Daï khoâng, coâ aáy khoâng hieåu tieáng Vieät. (long answer)

 
TöØ   vöïng Vocabulary
bieát to know
hieåu to understand
Ñoâng Döông Indochina/Indochine
noùi to speak, say
YÙ
 Italy
Coù xem khoâng?        Did you see it?
Coù hieåu khoâng?       Do you understand?
English equivalents for the last 6 questions in B4.
Did you see the film Indochine?
Did you eat Chinese food?
Do you girls know Italian?
Does she understand Vietnamese?
Did you meet Mr. Duong?
B 5
Hear the Whole Drill
Questions:
Person Have Go Activity or Not
Anh
Caùc oâng aáy
Caùc coâ
Chò
______

Coù,
Khoâng,		 coù
"
"
"
______

chuùng toâi
toâi		 ñi
"
"
"
______

coù
khoâng		 hoïc
laøm
uoáng traø
xem phim
______

ñi
ñi		 khoâng?
"
"
"
______

uoáng traø.
hoïc.
Answers:
Coù, toâi (coù) ñi hoïc. ( affirmative)
Khoâng, toâi khoâng (coù) ñi hoïc. (Negative)
Coù, chuùng toâi (coù) ñi laøm.
Khoâng, chuùng toâi khoâng (coù) ñi laøm.
Coù, chuùng toâi (coù) ñi uoáng traø.
Khoâng, chuùng toâi khoâng (coù) ñi uoáng traø.
B 6
Person Suffer Adjective Yes / Already
Toâi
Coâ aáy
Chuùng toâi
Anh aáy
Caùc baø aáy

 

 (bò)
"
"
"
"		 oám
ñau
noùng
laïnh
baän		 (laém).
(roài).
"
"
"

 
TöØ   vöïng Vocabulary
noùng be hot
laïnh be cold
baän be busy
B 7 - Time Phrase
You have studied phrases that refer to points and period of time:
Maáy giôØ, bao giôØ, thöÙ maáy, ngaøy maáy, luùc naøo, hoài naøo;
saùng nay, toái nay, toái hoâm qua, chieàu mai,..
hoâm nay, tuaàn naøy, tuaàn tröôÙc, thaùng tôÙi, naêm nay,...
To these have been added in this lesson:
naêm ngoaùi, sang naêm.
In Lesson 4, duration phrases with 'from...to...' were introduced.  This lesson introduces duration phrases with 'how long'. They come at the end of the sentence and may be preceded by ñöôïc. The use of ñöôïc gives a definite meaning of accomplishment, of action having already happened or at least having commenced in the past.  The use of ñöôïc and roài means that the action began in the past and is continuing in the present: 'has/have been'.
Example:
Chò hoïc luaät bao laâu? How long did/will you study law?
Chò hoïc luaät ñöôïc bao laâu? How long did you study law?
Chò hoïc luaät (ñöôïc) bao laâu roài? How long have you been studying law?
Toâi hoïc (luaät) ba naêm. I studied/will study (in context) three years.
Toâi hoïc (luaät) ñöôïc ba naêm. I studied (for) three years.
Toâi hoïc (luaät) (ñöôïc) ba naêm roài.

 

 I have studied for three years already.

 
It is possible to have phrases both of specified points of time and duration of time in the same sentence.  Specific time is at the beginning and durative time at the end:
Naêm ngoaùi anh ôÛ Caàn Thô (ñöôïc) bao laâu?
How long were you in Cantho last year?
Sang naêm toâi seõ ñi Baêng Coác khoaûng ba thaùng.
Next year I'll go to Bangkok for about three months.
Chieàu thöÙ hai toâi nghæ hai tieáng.
I rested for two hours on Monday afternoon.
I'll rest for two hours on Monday afternoon.

 
Hear the Whole Drill
Question:
Person Activity Place / Object    For How long   Already
Chò aáy
Coâ
Baø
Anh aáy
Thaày
Caùc chò
______

Hai coâ
Anh

 

 ñi
nghieân cöÙu
veà
laøm vieäc
nghieân cöÙu
hoïc
______

nghæ
ngoài

 Vieät Nam
ôÛ AÁn-ñoä
ñaây
ôÛ ñoù
lòch söÛ
tieáng Anh
______


ôÛ lôÙp

 (ñöôïc)
"
(ñöôïc)
"
"
"
______

(ñöôïc)
"

 bao laâu?
"
bao laâu
"
"
"
______

bao laâu?
"

roài?
roài?
roài?
roài?

 

 

Answer :
Person Activity Place / Object For Time Already / Only
Chò aáy
Toâi
Toâi
Anh aáy
Toâi
Chuùng toâi
______

Chuùng toâi
Chuùng toâi
Toâi

 

 ñi
nghieân cöÙu
veà
laøm (vieäc)
nghieân cöÙu
hoïc
______

nghæ
nghæ
ngoài

 (Vieät Nam)
ôÛ AÁn ñoä
(ñaây)
ôÛ ñoù
lòch söÛ
(tieáng Anh)
______



ôÛ lôÙp

 (ñöôïc)
"
"
"
"
"
______

(ñöôïc)
(ñöôïc)
(ñöôïc)

 hai naêm.
17 ngaøy
boán tuaàn
naêm naêm
moät naêm
saùu thaùng
______

hai tieáng
möôØi phuùt
maáy phuùt

 (thoâi).
(roài/thoâi).
(roài/thoâi).
(roài/thoâi).
(roài/thoâi).

______

roài.
thoâi.
thoâi.
TöØ vöïng Vocabulary
vieäc work, matter, job
laøm vieäc to do work, to be employed
nghieân cöÙu to do research
AÁn-ñoä India
nghæ to rest
ngoài to sit (down)
tieáng hour (strike of the clock),sound, noise
phuùt minute
maáy

 

 a small number, a few

 
English equivalents of the first chart of B7.
For how long did she go to Vietnam? or How long was she in Vietnam?
How long did you do research in India?
For how long have you been back here?
For how long has he worked there?
How long have you been doing research in history?
How long have you girls studied English?
How long did you  two girls rest?
How long did you sit in the class(room)?
We ( have) rested for two hours (already).
We rested for only ten minutes.

 

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