Beneficiary-Focus Verbs

This page presents examples of the most common beneficiary-focus verbs in their infinitive and different aspect forms.

IPAG- Verbs
Root Infinitive Completed Incompleted Contemplated
luto ipagluto
to cook
for someone		 ipinagluto ipinagluluto ipagluluto
timpla ipagtimpla
to make a drink
for someone		 ipinagtimpla ipinagtitimpla ipagtitimpla
handa ipaghanda
to prepare something
for someone		 ipinaghanda ipinaghahanda ipaghahanda
hugas ipaghugas
to wash
(e.g., dishes)
for someone		 ipinaghugas ipinaghuhugas ipaghuhugas

Word Formation Rules:
Infinitive: Attach the prefix ipag- to the root word. luto > ipagluto


Completed: (1) Take the infinitive. ipagluto
                  (2) Insert the affix -in- before the first vowel of the stem word.  ipinagluto


Incompleted: (1) Take the infinitive.  ipagluto
                    (2) Repeat the first (consonant) and vowel of the root.  ipagluluto
                    (3) Insert the affix -in- before the first vowel of the stem word. ipagluluto > ipinagluluto


Contemplated: (1) Take the infinitive.  ipagluto
                      (2) Repeat the first (consonant) and vowel of the stem word. ipagluluto

 

 

-AN Verbs
Root Infinitive Completed Incompleted Contemplated
bili bilhan
to buy something for someone		 binilhan binibilhan bibilhan
kanta kantahan
to sing for someone		 kinantahan kinakantahan kakantahan
luto lutuan
to cook something for someone		 linutuan/ nilutuan linulutuan/ nilulutuan lulutuan
timpla timplahan
to prepare a drink for someone		 tinimplahan tinitimplahan titimplahan

Word Formation Rules:
Infinitive: Attach the suffix -an to the root word.  luto > lutuan
               Following the vowel a or i, the affix becomes -han.  kanta > kantahan
               Some root words drop the final vowel.


Completed: (1) Take the infinitive.  kantahan
                  (2) Insert the affix -in- before the first vowel of the stem word. kinantahan


Incompleted: (1) Take the infinitive.  kantahan
                    (2) Repeat the first (cosonant) and vowel of the stem word.  kakantahan
                    (3) Insert the affix -in- before the first vowel of the stem word.  kinakantahan


Contemplated: (1) Take the infinitive.  kantahan
                      (2) Repeat the first (consonant) and vowel of the stem word. kakantahan