1. When giving the name of something or the translation of something, Lao requires the secondary verb wa&a ;jk  . Used this way it means 'thus' or 'as follows'.

vaoouhgvuho;jkpqo	a%n nJ@J ?O@On wa&a No#n	This is called an airplane.
"Fish"    cx;jk xk	"fish" pEE wa&a paa	"Fish" means "paa."

          Without  wa&a  ;jk      the meanings change.

0hvpgvuho]k;	khO^y ?O@On la#aw	I called him.
0hvpcxsoa'ln	khO^y pEE na%G sU%U	I translate papers.

2. 0v' khO%OG   means "things".   It is used to show possession.  In some cases, it can be translated "of " or "belonging to." 

For example,

0v'.z	khO%OG pha%y	whose
0v'0hvp	khO%OG khO^y	mine
0v'g9qhk	khO%OG ca@w	yours
xnh,0v'0hvp	py@m khO%OG khO^y	My book
xt860v'gInvo	patuu khO%OG hy@an	door of the house