SYNTAX
pE "only" follows a noun as an emphatice particle.
noun pE
| noun | pE |
| emphatic particle, only |
| only noun |
qUpE dIAe~kac\; qity\" He only knows this story.
qU m~kaKc\pE lamy\" He will be here very soon.
Note: pE in the second sentence functions as an emphatic particle that cannot be translated exactly in English.
nE>AtU "together" follows a noun.
noun nE>AtU
| noun | nE>AtU |
| together with |
| together with noun |
qU kYn\eta\nE>AtU sa;my\" He will eat with me.
ekjac\;qa;etQnE>AtU Sra lamy\" The teacher will come together with the students.
mH "only if" follows a verb.
verb mH
| verb | mH |
| only, only if |
| only if (someone) verbs |
qUlamH kYn\eta\ lamy\" I will come only if he does.
Kc\bja;em;mH kYn\eta\ e`Pmy\" I will answer only if you ask.
By\ / Ba Noun mH "whichever noun"/ "any"/ "every" or "all" preceeds a negative verb.
| Ba | noun | mH | m v BU; |
| whatever | not saying | not saying |
| (one) does not verb whatever noun/ one does not verb any--- |
kYn\eta\ BamH mqiBU;" I don't know anything.
kYn\eta\ BasaAup\mH mPt\BU;" I do not read any book.
Notes: When mH follows a question tag like Ba By\ By\mHa By\qU By\eta. or a noun after a question tag as in BasaAup\ By\Suic\mHa, it will function as "any," every," or "all." However the sentence ends with a negative statement.
| Question Tag | Noun (if necessary) | mH | Translation |
| Ba | Whatever,any..... | ||
| Ba | saAup\ | mH | Whatever, any...book |
| By\ | mH | WWherever,anywhere | |
| By\mHa | mH | Wherever | |
| By\ | saAup\mHa | mH | In any book |
| By\ | #mi> k | mH | From any city |
| By\ | #mi> kui | mH | To any city |
| By\qU | mH | Whoever, anybody... | |
| By\qUnE> | mH | With anybody |
| By\qUnE> | mH | With anybody |
| By\eta. | mH | Whenever/ anytime |
| By\ | AKjin\ | mH | Whenever/ anytime |
SE "still" follows a verb .
verb SE
| verb | SE |
| still |
| still verbing |
qU saAup\ Pt\SEpf" He is still reading a book.
AKu mui;RQaenSEpf" It is still raining.